Impact of El Niño on public health and its preparedness measures

Abstract

Abstract Background El Niño events disrupt atmospheric and oceanic interactions, leading to shifts in precipitation, temperature, and extreme weather events. Such alterations have the potential to exacerbate heatwaves, increase vector-borne and waterborne diseases, and compromise air quality. Understanding the connection between El Niño and public health vulnerabilities is crucial for effective mitigation and preparedness. Main body of the abstract This article aimed to investigate the impact of El Niño on public health and its preparedness measures. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, involving systematic searches across academic databases, scientific journals, and relevant grey literature. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that explored the link between El Niño and public health outcomes, as well as strategies for enhancing preparedness. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings and identify key themes. This article revealed that El Niño events contribute to a spectrum of public health challenges, including heat-related illnesses and compromised air quality. Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing medical conditions, are particularly at risk. Early warning systems, health infrastructure readiness, communication strategies, and collaborative efforts emerged as vital preparedness measures. Short conclusion El Niño’s impact on public health and preparedness measures is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a unified and proactive approach. By understanding the interplay between El Niño events and health vulnerabilities, communities can better prepare for and mitigate the health risks posed by these climatic fluctuations. Strengthened early warning systems, improved healthcare infrastructure, effective communication strategies, and collaborative efforts between various stakeholders are crucial in enhancing preparedness and safeguarding public health in the face of El Niño’s capricious influence.