Intracranial artery calcification as an independent predictor of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background and purpose The association between intracranial artery calcification (IAC) and the risk of ischemic stroke occurrence or poor prognosis had not yet been fully understood. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies aimed to assess whether IAC can be used to predict future ischemic stroke and post-stroke mortality. Methods Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 30, 2022. Studies were included if they reported risk ratio (RR) or odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of stroke concerning the presence of IAC. Random or fixed effects model meta-analyses were performed. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Stata version 16.0. Results Twelve studies involving 9346 participants were included. Compared with those without IAC, patients with IAC had a higher risk of stroke occurrence (adjusted OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18–2.23, P = 0.001) and stroke recurrence (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.25–2.51, P = 0.003). However, we did not find a significant correlation between IAC and post-stroke mortality (pooled OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80–1.56, P = 0.504). Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the presence of IAC was identified as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke occurrence and recurrence but is not a predictor of post-stroke mortality.