The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
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Published:2024-09-06
Issue:1
Volume:22
Page:
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ISSN:1479-5876
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Container-title:Journal of Translational Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Transl Med
Author:
Seong Hye, Yoon Jin Gu, Nham Eliel, Choi Yu Jung, Noh Ji Yun, Cheong Hee Jin, Kim Woo Joo, Kim Eui Ho, Kim Chulwoo, Han Young-Hee, Lim Sooyeon, Song Joon YoungORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are pivotal in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the declining antibody titers postvaccination pose challenges for sustained protection and herd immunity. Although gut microbiome is reported to affect the early antibody response after vaccination, its impact on the longevity of vaccine-induced antibodies remains unexplored.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 44 healthy adults who received two doses of either the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine, followed by a BNT162b2 booster at six months. The gut microbiome was serially analyzed using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, while humoral immune response was assessed using a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoassay.
Results
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with robust and persistent antibody responses post-BNT162b2 vaccination. In comparison, Escherichia coli was associated with a slower antibody decay following ChAdOx1 vaccination. The booster immune response was correlated with metabolic pathways involving cellular functions and aromatic amino acid synthesis.
Conclusions
The findings of this study underscored the potential interaction between the gut microbiome and the longevity/boosting effect of antibodies following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The identification of specific microbial associations suggests the prospect of microbiome-based strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Funder
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea Ministry of Education Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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