Incidence rates of treated mental disorders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic—a nationwide study comparing trends in the period 2015 to 2021

Abstract

Abstract Background There is a concern that exposure to psychosocial stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to a higher incidence of mental disorders. Thus, this study aimed to compare trends in incidence rates of depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders in primary- and specialist health care before (2015–2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021). Methods We used aggregated population registry data to calculate incidence rates of mental disorders from primary- (The Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursements Registry (KUHR)) and specialist (The Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR)) health care. The analyses included all Norwegian residents aged 18–65 during the study period. Incident cases were defined as having no previous registration with the same mental disorder in KUHR (from 2006) or NPR (from 2008). We used linear prediction models and mean models to compare incidence rates and test trends before and during the pandemic. Results During the pandemic, the incidence rates among women were higher or as predicted for OCD in specialist health care and for eating disorders in both primary- and specialist health care. These findings were strongest among women aged 18–24 years. Incidence rates for depression and phobia/OCD among both genders in primary health care and phobic anxiety disorders among both genders in specialist health care were lower or as predicted. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic may have led to more women needing treatment for OCD and eating disorders in the Norwegian population. The decreased incidence rates for some disorders might indicate that some individuals either avoided seeking help or had improved mental health during the pandemic.