Rice‐Animal Co‐Culture Systems Benefit Global Sustainable Intensification

Author:

Cui Jinglan1,Liu Hongbin2,Wang Hongyuan2,Wu Shuxia2,Bashir Muhammad Amjad234ORCID,Reis Stefan56ORCID,Sun Qiaoyu2,Xu Jianming17,Gu Baojing18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

2. Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

3. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

4. College of Agriculture University of Layyah Layyah Pakistan

5. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Midlothian UK

6. University of Exeter Medical School European Centre for Environment and Health Knowledge Spa Truro UK

7. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

8. Policy Simulation Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Abstract

AbstractProducing more food with less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions is a grand challenge for the 21st century. Strategies to successfully promote win‐win outcomes for both food security and environmental health are not easy to identify. Here we comprehensively assess an ecological rice‐animal co‐culture system (RAC) (e.g., rice‐fish, rice‐duck, and rice‐crayfish) through a global meta‐analysis and identify the potential benefits of global promotion. Compared to traditional monoculture of rice or animal production, the RAC can not only reduce the demand for agricultural land areas, but also increase rice yields (+4%) as well as nitrogen use efficiency of rice (+6%). At the same time, RAC reduces nitrogen losses (−16% runoff and −13% leaching) and methane emissions (−11%), except for rice‐fish coculture systems, which are likely to increase methane emissions (+29%). Furthermore, RAC increases the net income of farmers through reducing cost of fertilizer and pesticide input and achieving higher outputs with more marketable products. According to the development stage of different countries, promotion of RAC will thus realize multiple benefits and aid sustainable intensification.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),General Environmental Science

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