1. CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS) Qingdao China
2. Marine Dynamic Process and Climate Function Laboratory Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology at Qingdao (QNLM) Qingdao China
3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Beijing China
4. Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
5. Institute of Oceanography University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
6. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and Department of Physical Oceanography, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
7. College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA