Dual Wave Energy Sources for the Atlantic Niño Events Identified by Wave Energy Flux in Case Studies

Author:

Song Qingyang12ORCID,Tang Youmin23ORCID,Aiki Hidenori4

Affiliation:

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural Resources Hohai University Nanjing China

2. College of Oceanography Hohai University Nanjing China

3. Faculty of Environment University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada

4. Institute for Space‐Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

Abstract

AbstractThe evolution of equatorial sea surface temperature anomalies during Atlantic Niño events has demonstrated its diversity in both intensity and timing. To investigate the mechanism responsible for this diversity, this study focuses on ocean responses to atmospheric forcing, manipulating the wind forcing in both equatorial and off‐equatorial regions to excite linear ocean models for three types of events that occurred in 1999, 2019, and 2021 respectively. The results reveal the dual wave energy sources for the equatorial Kelvin waves (KWs): one is the local wind forcing in the western tropical basin; the other is the reflection due to the off‐equatorial Rossby waves in the western boundary. The reflected KWs can precondition the events when wind‐forced KWs insufficiently displace the thermocline (e.g., the boreal winter of 2019 and 2021). The participation of off‐equatorial wave energy hence leads to the diversity of the Atlantic Niños.

Funder

Young Scientists Fund

Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Subject

Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Space and Planetary Science,Geochemistry and Petrology,Geophysics,Oceanography

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