Unilateral smoke inhalation in sheep: effect on left lung lymph flow with right lung injury

Abstract

We previously reported that smoke inhalation to the right lung will result in damage to the air-insufflated left lung. In this study we confirm these findings and determine whether this injury is associated with an elevation in lung lymph flow and pulmonary microvascular permeability to protein as indexed by changes in reflection coefficient. Sheep (n = 12) were surgically prepared by placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter and pneumatic occluders on all pulmonary veins and the left pulmonary artery. The left lung lymphatic was selectively cannulated as shown previously (Y. Kikuchi, H. Nakazawa, and D. Traber. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 38): R943-R947, 1995). All afferent lymphatics from the right lung were severed, and the right pulmonary ligament was sectioned. The caudal end of the lymph node was sectioned to remove systemic lymph contamination. The sheep were studied in the unanesthetized state 7 days later. To ensure that lymph flow was exclusively from the left lung (QLL), right pulmonary microvascular pressure was increased, a procedure that resulted in little or no change in QLL, as was previously shown. The sheep were then anesthetized, and a Carlens tube was positioned to allow separate ventilation of the right and left lung. The right lungs of five sheep and the left lungs of two sheep were insufflated with cotton smoke. Insufflation of the left lung with cotton smoke produced a fourfold increase in QLL that began 4 h after insult. Insufflation of the right lung with smoke led to a doubling of QLL that began 12 h after insult. Changes in QLL were associated with increased microvascular permeability, as indexed by the reflection coefficient. Control sheep (air insufflated into both lungs, n = 5) showed no change in QLL. Injury to the right lung resulted in damage to the left air-insufflated lung, suggesting a hematogenous mediation of the response.