Central vs. peripheral determinants of sympathetic neural recruitment: insights from static handgrip exercise and postexercise circulatory occlusion

Author:

Badrov Mark B.1,Olver T. Dylan12,Shoemaker J. Kevin13

Affiliation:

1. School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;

2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and

3. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Sympathetic outflow is modified during acute homeostatic stress through increased firing of low-threshold axons, recruitment of latent axons, and synaptic delay modifications. However, the role of central mechanisms versus peripheral reflex control over sympathetic recruitment remains unknown. Here, we examined sympathetic discharge patterns during fatiguing static handgrip (SHG) exercise and postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) to study the central vs. peripheral reflex elements of sympathetic neural coding. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) was measured in six males (25 ± 3 yr) at baseline (3 min) and during 5 min of SHG exercise completed at 20% maximal voluntary contraction. Isolation of the peripheral metaboreflex component was achieved by PECO for 3 min. Action potential (AP) patterns were studied using wavelet-based methodology. Compared with baseline, total MSNA increased by minute 3 of SHG, remaining elevated throughout the duration of exercise and PECO (all P < 0.05). The AP content per burst increased above baseline by minute 4 of SHG (Δ4 ± 2), remaining elevated at minute 5 (Δ6 ± 4) and PECO (Δ4 ± 4; all P < 0.05). Similarly, total AP clusters increased by minute 4 of SHG (Δ5 ± 5) and remained elevated at minute 5 (Δ6 ± 3) and PECO (Δ7 ± 5; all P < 0.01), indicating recruitment of latent subpopulations. Finally, the AP cluster size-latency profile was shifted downward during minutes 4 (−32 ± 22 ms) and 5 (−49 ± 17 ms; both P < 0.05) of SHG but was not different than baseline during PECO ( P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that central perceptual factors play a specific role in the synaptic delay aspect of sympathetic discharge timing, whereas peripheral reflex mechanisms affect recruitment of latent axons.

Funder

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada)

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Subject

Physiology (medical),Physiology

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1. Central α2‐adrenergic mechanisms regulate human sympathetic neuronal discharge strategies;The Journal of Physiology;2024-07-26

2. Blood pressure responses to handgrip exercise but not apnea or mental stress are enhanced in women with a recent history of preeclampsia;American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology;2024-07-01

3. A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in neural control of the circulation;European Journal of Applied Physiology;2024-03-05

4. Effects of biological sex and oral contraception on the sympathetic neurocirculatory adjustments to static handgrip exercise in humans;American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology;2023-11-01

5. Autonomic cardiovascular control during exercise;American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology;2023-10-01

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