Short-term repeated human biopsy sampling contributes to changes in muscle morphology and higher outcome variability

Abstract

Indices of damage can be found in repeated biopsy samples of nonintervened control legs. Variables, directly and not directly related to muscle damage or regeneration, were compromised in second biopsy. There is a need to determine potential damage within muscle tissue when repeated muscle sampling is part of the study design. Muscle biopsy sampling may be a source of increased heterogeneity in human muscle data.