Power loss is greater in old men than young men during fast plantar flexion contractions

Abstract

It is unclear during human aging whether healthy older adults (>70 yr old) experience greater, lesser, or the same fatigability compared with younger adults. The reported disparate findings may be related to the task-dependent nature of fatigue and the limited number of studies exploring nonisometric contractile function and aging. The purpose here was to determine the effects of fast shortening contractions on the fatigability of the triceps surae in 10 young (∼24 yr old) and 10 old (∼78 yr old) men using isometric and dynamic measures. Participants performed 50 maximal velocity-dependent plantar flexions at a constant load of 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). Isometric twitch properties and MVCs were tested at baseline and during and following the fatigue task. Voluntary activation was similar between the old and young (∼98%) and was unaltered with fatigue. The old had 26% lower ( P < 0.01) isometric MVC torque and 18% slower ( P < 0.01) maximal shortening velocity than the young. Hence, peak power was 38% lower in the old ( P < 0.01). At task termination, MVC torque was maintained in the old ( P = 0.15) but decreased by 21% in the young ( P < 0.01). Twitch half-relaxation time was lengthened in the old at task termination by 26% ( P < 0.01) but unchanged in the young ( P = 0.10). Peak power was reduced by 24% and 17% at task termination in the old and young, respectively ( P < 0.01). Despite a better maintenance in isometric MVC torque production, the weaker and slower contracting triceps surae of the old was more fatigable than the young during fast dynamic efforts with an unconstrained velocity.