Developing tolerance to eye contact in autism: A feasibility study with adults using behavioral, interview, and psychophysiological data

Author:

Andréen Lisa12,Galazka Martyna1,Hadjikhani Nouchine13,Jeuris Steven456,Masulli Paolo45,Johnels Jakob Åsberg127

Affiliation:

1. Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg University , Sweden

2. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric services, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital , Göteborg , Sweden

3. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , United States of America

4. Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science DTU Compute, Section for Cognitive Systems , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark

5. iMotions A/S, 1621 Copenhagen V , Denmark

6. Department of Health Tech, Digital Health Section , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark

7. Section of Speech and Language pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy , Gothenburg University , Sweden

Abstract

Abstract Many individuals with autism report that eye contact makes them stressed or uncomfortable. Besides expressing their right to respect for neurodiverse ways of nonverbal communication, some autistic individuals also express the wish to improve their capacity to tolerate eye contact. In the current study, five autistic adults completed a 21- to 28-day computerized program that combines psychoeducation with graduated exposure to eye contact through photos. Interview data, questionnaires, gaze patterns, and psychophysiological measures indexing stress and arousal (pupillary and galvanic skin response levels) were collected to monitor and evaluate outcomes. At intake, discomfort resulting from eye contact in everyday life was described as overwhelming and multifaceted. Post-training data showed that observed increases in eye contact were not happening at the expense of heightened arousal. These results provide information about the (complex) nature of eye gaze discomfort in autism while pointing toward promising techniques to increase discomfort tolerance.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

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