Relationship between Chloride Migration, Bulk Electrical Conductivity and Formation Factor of Blended Cement Pastes

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the links between the non-steady-state chloride migration coefficient, the bulk electrical conductivity and the formation factor of blended cement paste specimens. 18 different binders were tested: two Portland cements (low- and high-alkali) in combination with limestone filler, fly ash, calcined clay, two biomass ashes, sewage sludge ash and crushed brick, as well as two Portland composite cements. In addition, the latter and the low-alkali Portland cement were tested in concrete as well for comparison. Mixes with high-alkali cement showed better resistance to chloride transport, and the effect of supplementary cementitious materials was found to be strongly linked with their reactivity. Moreover, the results showed a clear correlation of the migration coefficient with the bulk electrical conductivity and, to a lesser extent, with the formation factor. However, these relationships are strongly influenced by the methods used to determine conductivities and they need to be validated for higher maturities. Finally, the results suggested a fairly good correspondence between the results obtained on paste and concrete.