DISCOURSE, LANGUAGE (LANGUE), LANGUAGE ACTIVITY (LANGAGE)

Abstract

We suggest a new approach to discourse, according to which it is analyzed as a research construct that emerges when language is described as a process in functioning and language structures considered in relation to text / statement. At the same time, the conditions due to which these correlations are possible, and these relations themselves are explicated. These conditions and procedures can be designated as a discourse. As relationships or functions, they combine various aspects of speech activity. Since these aspects are not material entities, but abstractions, the relations between them can be represented in the form of such an abstract object as a semiotic borderline, defined by analogy with the mathematical one - as a set of lines whose points belong to both adjacent sets. But this analogy can also be interpreted biologically - then this borderline appears as a membrane, and the relations between different domains become lines not only of the connection but also of the interpenetration of the elements and rules of one area into another. An observer, being located on this border, can be simultaneously transferred both to language, to the world, and to speech, he / she is able to detect domains connected through this border. So in the process of description, it becomes possible to represent the discourse in the form of an observable object and substitute relations (discourse) with its constituents (arguments) - language, world, speech, text, life form). Hence, such definitions as «text in the context of its actualization», «language in real time», «speech immersed in life», «person in language», may appear, where the discourse is identified through the members of the relationship that it connects.