«Axiological Turn» in Russian Education: Position of Subjectivism

Abstract

Reflective theorizations about the state and prospects for the development of domestic education clearly recognize two trends in its future – continuity and individualization. In addition, the tendency of an “axiological turn” in the sense of education as a value and the value of education itself is clearly articulated. Modern pluralism of educational practices indicates the possibility of an individual to become the main subject of a new type of educational interaction based on independent institutionalization. Does the trend of “axiological turn” have ontological grounds for the sanctioned possibility of free change in the subjectivity of an individual in the educational space on fundamentally new methodological grounds? Or is it a continuation of the methodological tradition of axiological subjectivism? In order to find the foundations of a new axiological tradition in the educational space, a theoretical formalization of the category of “value” in the historical and philosophical tradition is being developed, and the results of this formalization are projected onto modern Russian education.On the one hand, the interpretation of educational values as skills, abilities and competencies is nothing more than an objective requirement of a dynamically changing socio-cultural situation with its ever-increasing uncertainty. On the other hand, the “axiological turn”, to a much greater extent, is associated with a change in the value orientations of the individual him/herself. This, with a special degree of efficiency and dynamism, is expressed in a change in the nature of educational-individual trajectories towards the professionalization of educational practices with a simultaneous strengthening of their meta-component. It is emphasized that meta-skills, along with existential skills, are the general vectors in the development of the axiological ecosystem of education. Based on the historical and philosophical review of the understanding of values and ideas about education as a way of reproducing culture (in the dialectic of alienation and appropriation of social values), the conclusion is formulated that modern concepts of the reversal of educational practices are, to a certain extent, private explications of axiological subjectivism.