Judging Urgency in 343 Ectopic Pregnancies Prior to Surgery – The Importance of Transvaginal Sonographic Diagnosis of Intraabdominal Free Blood

Author:

Pape Janna12ORCID,Bajka Anahita1,Seifert Burkhardt3,Asmis Lars4,Imesch Patrick1,Metzler Julian1,Burkhardt Tilo5ORCID,Condous George6,Samartzis Eleftherios Pierre17,Bajka Michael1

Affiliation:

1. Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

2. Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland

3. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

4. Center for perioperative thrombosis and hemostasis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

5. Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

6. Acute Gynecology, Early Pregnancy & Advanced Endoscopic Surgery Unit, University of Sydney - Sydney Medical School Nepean, Sydney, Australia

7. Gynecology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Assessing urgency in ectopic pregnancies (ECP) remains controversial since the disorder covers a large clinical spectrum. Severe conditions such as acute abdomen or hemodynamic instability are mostly related to intra-abdominal blood loss diagnosed as free fluid (FF) on transvaginal sonography (TVS). The aims of the current study were to investigate the value of FF and to assess other potentially predictive parameters for judging urgency. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis on prospectively collected cases of proven ECP (n = 343). Demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters, and findings on TVS and laparoscopy (LSC) were extracted from the digital patient file. FF on TVS and free blood (FB) in LSC were evaluated. Low urgency was defined as FB (LSC) < 100 ml and high urgency as FB (LSC) ≥ 300 ml. The best subset of variables for the prediction of FB was selected and predictors of urgency were evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Clinical symptoms, age, β-HCG, hemoglobin (HB) preoperative, and FF were examined in multivariate analysis for the cutoff values of 100 ml and 300 ml. FF was the only independent predictor for low and high urgency; HB preoperative was only significant for high urgency offering marginal improvement. ROC analysis revealed FF as an excellent discriminatory parameter for defining low (AUC 0.837, 95% CI 0.794–0.879) and high urgency (AUC 0.902, 95 % CI 0.860–0.945). Conclusion Single assessment of FF on TVS is most valuable for judging urgency. However, the exact cutoff values for a low- and high-risk situation must still be defined.

Funder

EMDO Stiftung

Publisher

Georg Thieme Verlag KG

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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