Anti-infective Efficacy of Mechanical Debridement with Adjunctive Modalities on Clinical and Cytokine Parameters in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Periodontal debridement involves conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) along with variant forms of adjunctive therapies. In the present clinical trial, we investigated if the adjunctive use of HybenX gel or diode laser along with SRP could provide a favorable outcome for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods The present study involved 60 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis who were randomly assigned as test groups (laser or HybenX) or control group (SRP alone). The primary outcomes of the clinical trial were pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), which was evaluated at baseline and at third-month time interval. Additionally, secondary outcomes included estimation of reduction in inflammatory mediators interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and third-month intervals. Statistical Analysis Normality determination was checked using Shapiro–Wilk test. Since the data was not normally distributed, nonparametric tests were applied. The comparison of clinical parameters between the groups was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test. Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to compare the pairwise comparison of clinical parameters among the groups from baseline to third-month follow-up. The inflammatory mediators at various time points were compared using a One-way analysis of variance test, and the inflammatory mediators in each study group were compared using a paired t-test. Results Both the test groups demonstrated a decrease in PPD and CAL. However, the HybenX group exhibited statistically significant reduction at the end of the third-month study interval compared to the laser group and SRP alone. Further, the secondary outcome IL-1β and TNF-α analysis exhibited statistically significant reduction in all the groups posttherapy. Conclusion The adjunctive application of HybenX gel yielded an advantage compared to laser and SRP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Clinical Relevance Adjunctive use of the oral tissue desiccant (HybenX gel) combined with SRP improved the periodontal pocket disinfection process and enhanced tissue healing devoid of adverse effects.