Evaluating the Efficacy of Resveratrol-Containing Mouthwash as an Adjunct Treatment for Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of resveratrol mouthwash as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial study. The study included 57 participants with periodontitis. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment loss [CAL]) were examined at the baseline visit, after 7 days, and after 30 days of using resveratrol mouthwash as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The salivary levels of (interleukin [IL]-6) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand) were measured and compared before and after treatment. The participants answered the visual analog scale-based assessment questionnaire at the last visit. Statistical Analysis A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was used to compare the means of multiple groups (test, positive control, negative control) at baseline and after treatment. A paired t-test was also used to compare the means of a single group before and after treatment. In addition, Tukey's multiple comparisons test was used to identify specific pairwise differences between the three groups after finding significant differences with ANOVA. The Chi-square test was also used to compare the distribution of categorical variables like sex between the groups. Results All interventions significantly reduced PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL, but resveratrol and chlorhexidine had a higher significant effect than placebo except for CAL without a significant difference between them. All mouthwashes significantly reduced the salivary concentration of IL-6. However, resveratrol and chlorhexidine had a significantly higher effect than placebo, while the concentration of RANKL was decreased in all groups without a significant difference between them. The participants' responses to the mouthwash questionnaire showed that resveratrol and chlorhexidine had the same feedback without significant differences. Conclusion Resveratrol-containing mouthwash could be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis.