The variation of total flavonoids, anthocyanins and total phenols in Vaccinium uliginosum fruits in Changbai Mountain of China is closely related to spatial distribution

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum is a natural berry resource that is rich in polyphenols, flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins, and other active substances, indicating its high developmental potential. However, research on V. uliginosum is limited, with no literature available to clarify the germplasm resources suitable for breeding. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the contents of total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA), and total phenols (TP) in 10 different populations of V. uliginosum from the Changbai Mountains, China, and investigate the correlation between these functional components and spatial distribution. METHODS: The components and contents of TA, TF, and TP were determined using mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and the Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 15 anthocyanins were detected, and the content of Mal-glu, Pet-glu, and Del-glu was the highest among these anthocyanins. The TF and TA and TP contents were highest in the DFHI and LJII populations, respectively, which can be reasonably developed as excellent populations. The TF content of sample DFHI-8, TA content of LJIII-1 and TP content of LJIII-4 were higher than other samples, which can be used as important breeding germplasm. The content of TF is positively correlated with altitude, while the content of TA and TP is bidirectional, which is positively correlated at 740–838 m and negatively correlated at >838 m. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in the contents of TF, TA, and TP in V. uliginosum fruit were found among and within populations, and there was a certain correlation between these contents and their spatial distribution.