Conceptualizing bioinformatics education in STEM literacy development for pre-service biology teachers

Abstract

This study aimed to create a basic plan for adding bioinformatics education into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning, particularly for future biology teachers. By reviewing studies from 2019 to 2023 in the ERIC Database with the key terms "Bioinformatics Education" and "STEM Literacy," the research highlighted important areas in this subject. It organized the findings into four main themes related to bioinformatics education: levels of education, challenges faced, teaching methods, and methods for research or evaluation. Additionally, it identified three themes in STEM literacy: educational levels, challenges, and definitions or ways to measure it. The review pointed out a critical need for teaching materials, tools, and strategies in bioinformatics for future biology teachers at the college level. It also found a lack of research on STEM literacy at this level, with just three articles addressing it. These articles examined STEM literacy through skills such as general knowledge, career awareness, and communication skills. The suggested basic plan promotes combining bioinformatics education with real-world biological issues, career preparation, and addressing educational shortcomings. It recommends a bioinformatics module with specific curriculum content, tools, and teaching methods to improve STEM literacy, including knowledge, attitudes, and skills in STEM. This plan could guide future research in classrooms to improve STEM literacy among future biology teachers through bioinformatics education.