Metabolic Pathways in Kidney Cancer: Current Therapies and Future Directions

Abstract

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has become known as a metabolic disease, owing to the diverse array of metabolic defects and perturbations that occur as a result of the unique genetics that can drive these tumors. Recent attention to this feature of RCCs has fueled interest in targeting metabolism as a therapeutic strategy. Methods We conducted a literature search to develop themes around discrete pathways or processes of cellular metabolism, provide a framework for understanding emerging therapeutic strategies, and consider future interventions. Results Defects occur in metabolic pathways ranging from glycolysis to mitochondrial function and affect not only the tumor cell functionality, but also the local environment. We identified opportunities for therapeutic intervention associated with each pathway. Conclusion The metabolism of RCC cells presents a special environment of tumor susceptibilities, with opportunities for novel imaging applications and treatment paradigms that are being tested in monotherapy or as adjuncts to targeted or immune-based strategies.