Intersubjectivity in human–agent interaction

Author:

Cassell Justine1,Tartaro Andrea

Affiliation:

1. Northwestern University, Center for Technology and Social Behavior

Abstract

What is the hallmark of success in human–agent interaction? In animation and robotics, many have concentrated on the looks of the agent — whether the appearance is realistic or lifelike. We present an alternative benchmark that lies in the dyad and not the agent alone: Does the agent’s behavior evoke intersubjectivity from the user? That is, in both conscious and unconscious communication, do users react to behaviorally realistic agents in the same way they react to other humans? Do users appear to attribute similar thoughts and actions? We discuss why we distinguish between appearance and behavior, why we use the benchmark of intersubjectivity, our methodology for applying this benchmark to embodied conversational agents (ECAs), and why we believe this benchmark should be applied to human–robot interaction.

Publisher

John Benjamins Publishing Company

Subject

Human-Computer Interaction,Linguistics and Language,Animal Science and Zoology,Language and Linguistics,Communication

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