1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
2. Battery Complexity, Autonomous Vehicle and Electrification (BATT CAVE) Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
3. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
4. Quantum Science & Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA