Photoelectron spectroscopy of wet and gaseous samples through graphene membranes

Author:

Kraus Jürgen1234,Reichelt Robert1234,Günther Sebastian1234,Gregoratti Luca56,Amati Matteo56,Kiskinova Maya56,Yulaev Alexander7891011,Vlassiouk Ivan1213,Kolmakov Andrei101114

Affiliation:

1. Technische Universität München

2. Chemie Department

3. Lichtenbergstr. 4

4. D-85748 Garching, Germany

5. Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA

6. 34149 Trieste, Italy

7. Department of Materials Science and Engineering

8. University of Maryland

9. College Park, USA

10. Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

11. NIST

12. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

13. Oak Ridge, USA

14. Gaithersburg, USA

Abstract

Due to the short electron mean free path in dense media samples in liquid or ambient pressure environment cannot be easily characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy. We overcome this limitation by employing electron transparent graphene membranes to separate the sample environment from the vacuum conditions in the electron spectrometer.

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Subject

General Materials Science

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