Natural QSIs for Biofilm Control in Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Multidrug resistant strains of bacteria and fungi have emerged as a result of improper use of antibiotics in both humans and animals, despite the fact that the development of antibiotics has decreased morbidity and death caused by infectious diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen of most concern when it comes to antibiotic resistance because of its inherent virulence, capacity to produce a high number of infections and ability to endure a variety of environmental circumstances. S. aureus has a variety of strategies to build antibiotic resistance, including the modification of drugs (β-lactamases), utilization of an alternate target site [penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a)], antibiotic efflux [norfloxacin resistance A (NorA)] and biofilm development. This has boosted interest in traditional medicine, which has been used for a long time to treat a variety of infectious diseases in various parts of the world. Because they include a complex blend of phytochemical components, plant extracts are a key source in the fight against microbial resistance because resistance to them develops extremely slowly. Additionally, phytochemical components found in plant extracts have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The goal of the current study is to energize efforts to find plant extracts and the phytochemicals they contain that can inhibit microbial resistance. In the future, S. aureus infections could be treated effectively and without evident adverse effects by using plant extracts and their purified ingredients.