1. Department of Biological and Pre-clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2. Department of Natural Products, Institute of Traditional Medicines, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, St. John's University of Tanzania, P.O.Box 47, Dodoma, Tanzania
4. School of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
5. The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
6. Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O.Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
7. Kenyata University, Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
8. Department of Medical Botany, Plant Breeding and Agronomy, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania