1. Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1760 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
2. Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
3. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
5. Teck Resources Limited, Vancouver, BC V6C 0B3, Canada
6. Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA