1. Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser
2. Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering
4. Dalian University of Technology
5. Dalian 116023
6. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
7. School of Environmental Science and Technology
8. Dalian
9. China
10. Department of Materials Science and Engineering
11. University of Washington
12. Seattle
13. USA