1. Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Engineering Building A, Manchester, M1 7HL, UK
2. BioAFM Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
3. Basic Science Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia