1. Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Engineering Building A, Manchester M1 7HL, UK
2. Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
3. Basic Science Department, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, UK
5. Department of Chemistry, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
6. Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, M46, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
7. Photon Science Institute, The Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
8. BioAFM Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK