1. 1) Hopkins, T. C. and Deen, R. C. : The Bump at the End of the Bridge, Highway Research Board 302, Highway Research Board, Washington, D.C, pp. 72-75, 1969.
2. 2) Ardani, A. : Bridge Approach Settlement, Colorado. Department of Highways, Denver, Report No CDOT-DTP-R-87-06, 1987.
3. 3) Mahmood, I. U. : Evaluation of Causes of Bridge Approach Settlement and Development of Settlement Prediction Models, PhD thesis Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 1991.
4. 4) Briaud, J. L., James, R. W. and Hoffman, S. B. : Settlement of Bridge Approaches: (the Bump at the End of the Bridge). NCHRP Synthesis of Practice, Transportation Research Board, No. 254, pp. 85, 1997.
5. 5) White, D. J., Mekkawy, M. M., Sritharan, S. and Suleiman, M. T. : “Underlying” causes for settlement of bridge approach pavement systems. ASCE, J. Perform. Constr. Facil, pp. 273-282, 2007.