Synthesis, Characterization and Invivo Evaluation of Poly Sulfoxy Amine Grafted Xanthan Gum

Abstract

Natural  polymers  are  hydrophilic  in  nature,  economic,  chemically  inert,  easily  available,  biodegradable,  and  non-toxic.  Following problems associated with the use of gums include uncontrolled  rates of hydration, pH dependent solubility, thickening, drop in viscosity on storage, and  the  possibility  of  microbial  contamination.  Chemical  modification  of  gums  not  only  minimizes  these  drawbacks  but  also  alter  their physicochemical  properties.  Recently,  researchers  have  been  modifying  properties  of natural  gums  to explore  its more  applicability.  Aim of the current study was to explore Xanthan gum’s applicability in mucoadhesive  and other property by doing its Chemical modification. Sulfoxy amine modification  of xanthan  gum was carried  out by reacting  xanthan  gum with thionyl  chloride  and further  treated  with ammonia.  FTIR, elemental DSC,  XRD  and SEM  were  studied  for confirmation  of the modification.  The modified  xanthan  gum showed  improvement  in the mucoadhesion, water uptake capacity, gelling property as well as viscosity as compared to unmodified  xanthan gum. The results of X-ray diffraction  study confirms the finding of DSC study. X-ray diffractogram  confirmed XG is typical of amorphous  substance while that of MXG is typical of crystalline substance with the characteristic  peak appearing  at 14.79, 25.66, 29.63 and 31.82 2θ.   The 0.6% w/v of modified  xanthan  gum showed gelling property.  The 0.6% w/v of modified Xanthan Gum showed gelling property where as Xanthan Gum required more than 1% w/v , it indicate that gelling property of Xanthan  Gum has improved  due to its modification.  Mucoadhesive  strength  of modified  xanthan  gum was found to be 4±0.56 gm which is more than xanthan gum i.e. 1.5±0.94 gm. The ionic interactions  may be taken place in between negatively charged mucus with cationic modified polymer and superior mucoadhesion  can be achieved. Rapid and constant swelling behavior was observed by modified Xanthan gum. The SEM image of MXG showed that the grafting of Polysulfoxyamine  onto XG brings about the change in the shape and size of the XG particles.  The enhanced  viscosity and gelling capacity of modified  xanthan  gum were also observed  as compared  to xanthan  gum. In vivo acute toxicity study of Poly sulfoxy amine grafted xanthan gum was performed.  The toxicological  effects were observed in terms of mortality and expressed as LD50.  Results of Acute toxicity study  shows  LD50   value  was  more  than  2 gm/kg  indicating  the low  toxicity.  These  findings  proved  that modified  xanthan  gum  may  be used  as promising excipient in various drug delivery systems.