1. Moreno, C. et al. Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the production of tumour necrosis factor from human and murine macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 76, 240–245 (1989).
2. Roach, T. I., Barton, C. H., Chatterjee, D. & Blackwell, J. M. Macrophage activation: lipoarabinomannan from avirulent and virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis differentially induces the early genes c-fos, KC, JE and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Immunol 150, 1886–1896 (1993).
3. Falcone, V., Bassey, E. B., Toniolo, A., Conaldi, P. G. & Collins, F. M. Differential release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with virulent and avirulent species of mycobacteria. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 8, 225–232 (1994).
4. Oswald, I. P., Dozois, C. M., Fournout, S., Petit, J. F. & Lemaire, G. Tumor necrosis factor is required for the priming of peritoneal macrophages by trehalose dimycolate. Eur Cytokine Netw 10, 533–540 (1999).
5. Flesch, I. E. & Kaufmann, S. H. Activation of tuberculostatic macrophage functions by gamma interferon, interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor. Infect Immun 58, 2675–2677 (1990).