Reconstructing unseen transmission events to infer dengue dynamics from viral sequences

Author:

Salje Henrik,Wesolowski AmyORCID,Brown Tyler S.,Kiang Mathew V.ORCID,Berry Irina MaljkovicORCID,Lefrancq NoemieORCID,Fernandez Stefan,Jarman Richard G.ORCID,Ruchusatsawat Kriangsak,Iamsirithaworn Sopon,Vandepitte Warunee P.,Suntarattiwong Piyarat,Read Jonathan M.,Klungthong Chonticha,Thaisomboonsuk Butsaya,Engø-Monsen KenthORCID,Buckee CarolineORCID,Cauchemez SimonORCID,Cummings Derek A. T.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractFor most pathogens, transmission is driven by interactions between the behaviours of infectious individuals, the behaviours of the wider population, the local environment, and immunity. Phylogeographic approaches are currently unable to disentangle the relative effects of these competing factors. We develop a spatiotemporally structured phylogenetic framework that addresses these limitations by considering individual transmission events, reconstructed across spatial scales. We apply it to geocoded dengue virus sequences from Thailand (N = 726 over 18 years). We find infected individuals spend 96% of their time in their home community compared to 76% for the susceptible population (mainly children) and 42% for adults. Dynamic pockets of local immunity make transmission more likely in places with high heterotypic immunity and less likely where high homotypic immunity exists. Age-dependent mixing of individuals and vector distributions are not important in determining spread. This approach provides previously unknown insights into one of the most complex disease systems known and will be applicable to other pathogens.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry

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