Author:
Piva Stephen B.,Barker Simon J.,Iverson Nels A.,Winton V. Holly L.,Bertler Nancy A. N.,Sigl Michael,Wilson Colin J. N.,Dunbar Nelia W.,Kurbatov Andrei V.,Carter Lionel,Charlier Bruce L. A.,Newnham Rewi M.
Abstract
AbstractChemical anomalies in polar ice core records are frequently linked to volcanism; however, without the presence of (crypto)tephra particles, links to specific eruptions remain speculative. Correlating tephras yields estimates of eruption timing and potential source volcano, offers refinement of ice core chronologies, and provides insights into volcanic impacts. Here, we report on sparse rhyolitic glass shards detected in the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core (West Antarctica), attributed to the 1.8 ka Taupō eruption (New Zealand)—one of the largest and most energetic Holocene eruptions globally. Six shards of a distinctive geochemical composition, identical within analytical uncertainties to proximal Taupō glass, are accompanied by a single shard indistinguishable from glass of the ~25.5 ka Ōruanui supereruption, also from Taupō volcano. This double fingerprint uniquely identifies the source volcano and helps link the shards to the climactic phase of the Taupō eruption. The englacial Taupō-derived glass shards coincide with a particle spike and conductivity anomaly at 278.84 m core depth, along with trachytic glass from a local Antarctic eruption of Mt. Melbourne. The assessed age of the sampled ice is 230 ± 19 CE (95% confidence), confirming that the published radiocarbon wiggle-match date of 232 ± 10 CE (2 SD) for the Taupō eruption is robust.
Funder
New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute
Marsden Fund of the Royal Society Te Apārangi
New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment
National Science Foundation
GNS Science Global Change Through Time Programme
European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
2 articles.
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1. Volcanism in Antarctica: An assessment of the present state of research and future directions;Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research;2023-12
2. Tephrochronology;Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences;2023