The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients

Author:

Kisuya Job,Chemtai Alex,Raballah Evans,Keter Alfred,Ouma Collins

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference31 articles.

1. Badri, M., Ehrlich, R., Wood, R., Pulerwitz, T. & Maartens, G. Association between tuberculosis and HIV disease progression in a high tuberculosis prevalence area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5, 225–232 (2001).

2. WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report (2017).

3. Raviglione, M. C., Gupta, R., Dye, C. M. & Espinal, M. A. The burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis and mechanisms for its control. Ann N Y Acad Sci 953, 88–97 (2001).

4. WHO. Country TB profile (2011).

5. Lawn, S. D., Butera, S. T. & Shinnick, T. M. Tuberculosis unleashed: the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the host granulomatous response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbes Infect 4, 635–646 (2002). doi:S1286457902015824 .

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