Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author:

Bikbov Mukharram M.,Gilmanshin Timur R.,Zainullin Rinat M.,Kazakbaeva Gyulli M.,Arslangareeva Inga I.,Panda-Jonas Songhomitra,Khikmatullin Renat I.,Aminev Said K.,Nuriev Ildar F.,Zaynetdinov Artur F.,Uzianbaeva Yulia V.,Nikitin Nikolay A.,Mukhamadieva Svetlana R.,Yakupova Dilya F.,Rakhimova Ellina M.,Rusakova Iulia A.,Bolshakova Natalia I.,Safiullina Kamila R.,Jonas Jost B.

Abstract

AbstractTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in a Russian population. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40–94 years). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. Among 5545 participants with assessable optic disc photographs, 246 individuals [4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9, 5.0] had glaucoma, with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in 177 individuals (3.2%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.7) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 69 individuals (1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.5), with IOP > 21 mmHg in 79 (32.1%) patients, and with 80 (32.5%) patients on glaucoma therapy. Glaucoma prevalence increased from 3/485 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.3) in the age group of 40–45 years to 33/165 (20.0%; 95% CI 13.8, 26.2) in the group aged 80 + years. Higher OAG prevalence correlated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09; P < 0.001], longer axial length (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.17, 1.58; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.13, 1.23; P < 0.001), higher stage of lens pseudoexfoliation (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08, 1.47; P = 0.004) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.035). Higher ACG prevalence correlated with older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11; P < 0.001), narrower anterior chamber angle (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77, 0.86; P < 0.001), and higher IOP (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.23, 1.38; P < 0.001). Glaucoma caused moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) in 9 (4.9%; 95% CI 1.8, 8.1) out of 184 individuals with MSVI (OAG, n = 7; ACG, n = 2), and blindness in one (9.1%) of 11 blind individuals. In this population from Russia, two thirds of glaucoma patients were not on therapy, and in two thirds of the glaucoma patients IOP was ≤ 21 mmHg. Otherwise, glaucoma prevalence, OAG-to-ACG ratio, and glaucoma associations did not differ markedly from Caucasian and East Asian populations.

Funder

Projekt DEAL

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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