Author:
Jaago Mariliis,Rähni Annika,Pupina Nadežda,Pihlak Arno,Sadam Helle,Tuvikene Jürgen,Avarlaid Annela,Planken Anu,Planken Margus,Haring Liina,Vasar Eero,Baćević Miljana,Lambert France,Kalso Eija,Pussinen Pirkko,Tienari Pentti J.,Vaheri Antti,Lindholm Dan,Timmusk Tõnis,Ghaemmaghami Amir M.,Palm Kaia
Abstract
AbstractImmunity to previously encountered viruses can alter response to unrelated pathogens. We reasoned that similar mechanism may also involve SARS-CoV-2 and thereby affect the specificity and the quality of the immune response against the virus. Here, we employed high-throughput next generation phage display method to explore the link between antibody immune response to previously encountered antigens and spike (S) glycoprotein. By profiling the antibody response in COVID-19 naïve individuals with a diverse clinical history (including cardiovascular, neurological, or oncological diseases), we identified 15 highly antigenic epitopes on spike protein that showed cross-reactivity with antigens of seasonal, persistent, latent or chronic infections from common human viruses. We observed varying degrees of cross-reactivity of different viral antigens with S in an epitope-specific manner. The data show that pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 cross-reactive serum antibody is readily detectable in pre-pandemic cohort. In the severe COVID-19 cases, we found differential antibody response to the 15 defined antigenic and cross-reactive epitopes on spike. We also noted that despite the high mutation rates of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants of SARS-CoV-2, some of the epitopes overlapped with the described mutations. Finally, we propose that the resolved epitopes on spike if targeted by re-called antibody response from SARS-CoV-2 infections or vaccinations can function in chronically ill COVID-19 naïve/unvaccinated individuals as immunogenic targets to boost antibodies augmenting the chronic conditions. Understanding the relationships between prior antigen exposure at the antibody epitope level and the immune response to subsequent infections with viruses from a different strain is paramount to guiding strategies to exit the COVID-19 pandemic.
Funder
Eesti Teadusfondi
H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies
Mary och Georg C. Ehrnrooths Stiftelse
Magnus Ehrnroothin Säätiö
Finska Läkaresällskapet
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Cited by
7 articles.
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