Design and evaluation of a novel approach to invisible electrocardiography (ECG) in sanitary facilities using polymeric electrodes

Author:

dos Santos Silva Aline,Almeida Hugo,da Silva Hugo Plácido,Oliveira António

Abstract

AbstractMultiple wearable devices for cardiovascular self-monitoring have been proposed over the years, with growing evidence showing their effectiveness in the detection of pathologies that would otherwise be unnoticed through standard routine exams. In particular, Electrocardiography (ECG) has been an important tool for such purpose. However, wearables have known limitations, chief among which are the need for a voluntary action so that the ECG trace can be taken, battery lifetime, and abandonment. To effectively address these, novel solutions are needed, which has recently paved the way for “invisible” (aka “off-the-person”) sensing approaches. In this article we describe the design and experimental evaluation of a system for invisible ECG monitoring at home. For this purpose, a new sensor design was proposed, novel materials have been explored, and a proof-of-concept data collection system was created in the form of a toilet seat, enabling ECG measurements as an extension of the regular use of sanitary facilities, without requiring body-worn devices. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, measurements were performed using our system and a gold standard equipment, involving 10 healthy subjects. For the acquisition of the ECG signals on the toilet seat, polymeric electrodes with different textures were produced and tested. According to the results obtained, some of the textures did not allow the acquisition of signals in all users. However, a pyramidal texture showed the best results in relation to heart rate and ECG waveform morphology. For a texture that has shown 0% signal loss, the mean heart rate difference between the reference and experimental device was − 1.778 ± 4.654 Beats per minute (BPM); in terms of ECG waveform, the best cases present a Pearson correlation coefficient above 0.99.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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1. Evaluation of Biometric Template Permanence for Electrocardiography (ECG) Based User Identification in Sanitary Facilities;2024 IEEE 22nd Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON);2024-06-25

2. Using The Machine Learning Method in Portable ECG Monitoring System to Identify Diagnostically Complex Heart Diseases;2023 IEEE 24th International Conference of Young Professionals in Electron Devices and Materials (EDM);2023-06-29

3. Towards Opportunistic Electrocardiography (ECG) Sensing in Mobile Devices;2023 IEEE 7th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG);2023-06-22

4. Towards Industrially Feasible Invisible Electrocardiography (ECG) in Sanitary Facilities;2023 IEEE 7th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG);2023-06-22

5. Morphological Autoencoders for Beat-by-Beat Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Single-Lead ECG;Sensors;2023-03-06

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