Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines

Author:

Wei Jia,Pouwels Koen B.ORCID,Stoesser NicoleORCID,Matthews Philippa C.,Diamond Ian,Studley Ruth,Rourke Emma,Cook Duncan,Bell John I.,Newton John N.,Farrar Jeremy,Howarth Alison,Marsden Brian D.,Hoosdally Sarah,Jones E. Yvonne,Stuart David I.,Crook Derrick W.,Peto Tim E. A.,Walker A. Sarah,Eyre David W.ORCID,Thomas Tina,Ayoubkhani Daniel,Black Russell,Felton Antonio,Crees Megan,Jones Joel,Lloyd Lina,Sutherland Esther,Pritchard Emma,Vihta Karina-Doris,Doherty George,Kavanagh James,Chau Kevin K.,Hatch Stephanie B.,Ebner Daniel,Ferreira Lucas Martins,Christott Thomas,Dejnirattisai Wanwisa,Mongkolsapaya Juthathip,Cameron Sarah,Tamblin-Hopper Phoebe,Wolna Magda,Brown Rachael,Cornall Richard,Screaton Gavin,Lythgoe Katrina,Bonsall David,Golubchik Tanya,Fryer Helen,Cox Stuart,Paddon Kevin,James Tim,House Thomas,Robotham Julie,Birrell Paul,Jordan Helena,Sheppard Tim,Athey Graham,Moody Dan,Curry Leigh,Brereton Pamela,Jarvis Ian,Godsmark Anna,Morris George,Mallick Bobby,Eeles Phil,Hay Jodie,VanSteenhouse Harper,Lee Jessica,White Sean,Evans Tim,Bloemberg Lisa,Allison Katie,Pandya Anouska,Davis Sophie,Conway David I.,MacLeod Margaret,Cunningham Chris,

Abstract

AbstractAntibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom general population. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by the second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, whereas declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Anti-spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2–3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, for 5–8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection and for 1–2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. A third booster dose might be needed, prioritized to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference57 articles.

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