Are the Concepts of Dynamic Equilibrium and the Thermodynamic Criteria for Spontaneity, Nonspontaneity, and Equilibrium Compatible?
Author:
Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania 17972-2208, United States
2. Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Subject
Education,General Chemistry
Link
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed500660j
Reference9 articles.
1. Levine, I. N.Physical Chemistry,6th ed.McGraw-Hill Higher Education:New York, 2009; pp109–136.
2. Raff, L. M.Principles of Physical Chemistry;Prentice Hall:Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001; pp200–220.
3. Engel, T.; Reid, P.Physical Chemistry,2nd ed.Prentice Hall,New York, 2010; pp115–132.
4. Spontaneity and Equilibrium: Why “ΔG < 0 Denotes a Spontaneous Process” and “ΔG = 0 Means the System Is at Equilibrium” Are Incorrect
5. Spontaneity and Equilibrium II: Multireaction Systems
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