1. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
2. Physical Oceanography Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States
3. Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States
5. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307, United States
6. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
7. Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
8. Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
9. Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States