1. Institute of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
2. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
4. Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, Netherlands
5. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
6. Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China