Assessing Beijing's PM 2.5 pollution: severity, weather impact, APEC and winter heating

Abstract

By learning the PM 2.5 readings and meteorological records from 2010–2015, the severity of PM 2.5 pollution in Beijing is quantified with a set of statistical measures. As PM 2.5 concentration is highly influenced by meteorological conditions, we propose a statistical approach to adjust PM 2.5 concentration with respect to meteorological conditions, which can be used to monitor PM 2.5 pollution in a location. The adjusted monthly averages and percentiles are employed to test if the PM 2.5 levels in Beijing have been lowered since China's State Council set up a pollution reduction target. The results of the testing reveal significant increases, rather than decreases, in the PM 2.5 concentrations in the years 2013 and 2014 as compared with those in year 2012. We conduct analyses on two quasi-experiments—the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in November 2014 and the annual winter heating—to gain insight into the impacts of emissions on PM 2.5 . The analyses lead to a conclusion that a fundamental shift from mainly coal-based energy consumption to much greener alternatives in Beijing and the surrounding North China Plain is the key to solving the PM 2.5 problem in Beijing.