Stochastic processes drive rapid genomic divergence during experimental range expansions

Author:

Weiss-Lehman Christopher1ORCID,Tittes Silas1,Kane Nolan C.1,Hufbauer Ruth A.23,Melbourne Brett A.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

2. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA

3. UMR Centre de Biologie et Gestion des Populations, INRA, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France

Abstract

Range expansions are crucibles for rapid evolution, acting via both selective and neutral mechanisms. While selection on traits such as dispersal and fecundity may increase expansion speed, neutral mechanisms arising from repeated bottlenecks and genetic drift in edge populations (i.e. gene surfing) could slow spread or make it less predictable. Thus, it is necessary to disentangle the effects of selection from neutral mechanisms to robustly predict expansion dynamics. This is difficult to do with expansions in nature, as replicated expansions are required to distinguish selective and neutral processes in the genome. Using replicated microcosms of the red flour beetle ( Tribolium castaneum ), we identify a robust signature of stochastic, neutral mechanisms in genomic changes arising over only eight generations of expansion and assess the role of standing variation and de novo mutations in driving these changes. Average genetic diversity was reduced within edge populations, but with substantial among-replicate variability in the changes at specific genomic windows. Such variability in genomic changes is consistent with a large role for stochastic, neutral processes. This increased genomic divergence among populations was mirrored by heightened variation in population size and expansion speed, suggesting that stochastic variation in the genome could increase unpredictability of range expansions.

Funder

U.S. Department of Agriculture

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

National Science Foundation

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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