Does global change increase the risk of maladaptation of Atlantic salmon migration through joint modifications of river temperature and discharge?

Author:

Arevalo Elorri1ORCID,Maire Anthony2ORCID,Tétard Stéphane3,Prévost Etienne4,Lange Frédéric4,Marchand Frédéric5,Josset Quentin678,Drouineau Hilaire1

Affiliation:

1. INRAE, Unité EABX–Écosystèmes Aquatiques et Changements Globaux, HYNES (Irstea-EDF R&D), 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France

2. EDF Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, HYNES (Irstea-EDF R&D), 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou Cedex, France

3. ICEO Environnement, 220 rue des Ailes, 85440 Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, France

4. Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France

5. INRAE, Unité Expérimentale d’Écologie et d’Écotoxicologie Aquatique, 65, rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France

6. UMR BOREA 7208, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Service des Stations Marines, 35800 Dinard, France

7. MIAME – Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, OFB, INRAE, Institut Agro, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR/E2S UPPA, Rennes, France

8. Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction Recherche et Appui Scientifique, Rue des Fontaines, 76260 Eu, France

Abstract

In freshwater ecosystems, water temperature and discharge are two intrinsically associated triggers of key events in the life cycle of aquatic organisms such as the migration of diadromous fishes. However, global changes have already profoundly altered the thermal and hydrological regimes of rivers, affecting the timing of fish migration as well as the environmental conditions under which it occurs. In this study, we focused on Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), an iconic diadromous species whose individuals migrate between marine nursery areas and continental spawning grounds. An innovative multivariate method was developed to analyse long-term datasets of daily water temperature, discharge and both salmon juvenile downstream and adult upstream migrations in three French rivers (the Bresle, Oir and Nivelle rivers). While all three rivers have gradually warmed over the last 35 years, changes in discharge have been very heterogeneous. Juveniles more frequently used warmer temperatures to migrate. Adults migrating a few weeks before spawning more frequently used warm temperatures associated with high discharges. This has already led to modifications in preferential niches of both life stages and suggests a potential mismatch between these populations' ecological preference and changes in their local environment due to global change.

Funder

HYNES

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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