Grand challenges in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research in the era of science–policy platforms require explicit consideration of feedbacks

Author:

O'Connor Mary I.12ORCID,Mori Akira S.3ORCID,Gonzalez Andrew4,Dee Laura E.5ORCID,Loreau Michel6,Avolio Meghan7,Byrnes Jarrett E. K.8,Cheung William29,Cowles Jane10,Clark Adam T.11,Hautier Yann12,Hector Andrew13ORCID,Komatsu Kimberly14ORCID,Newbold Tim15ORCID,Outhwaite Charlotte L.15,Reich Peter B.16171819,Seabloom Eric10,Williams Laura16,Wright Alexandra20,Isbell Forest10

Affiliation:

1. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

2. Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

3. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan

4. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

6. Theoretical and Empirical Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France

7. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

8. College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts–Boston, Boston, MA, USA

9. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

10. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA

11. Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria

12. Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

13. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

14. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA

15. Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK

16. Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

17. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia

18. Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

19. School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

20. Biological Sciences Department, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Abstract

Feedbacks are an essential feature of resilient socio-economic systems, yet the feedbacks between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing are not fully accounted for in global policy efforts that consider future scenarios for human activities and their consequences for nature. Failure to integrate feedbacks in our knowledge frameworks exacerbates uncertainty in future projections and potentially prevents us from realizing the full benefits of actions we can take to enhance sustainability. We identify six scientific research challenges that, if addressed, could allow future policy, conservation and monitoring efforts to quantitatively account for ecosystem and societal consequences of biodiversity change. Placing feedbacks prominently in our frameworks would lead to (i) coordinated observation of biodiversity change, ecosystem functions and human actions, (ii) joint experiment and observation programmes, (iii) more effective use of emerging technologies in biodiversity science and policy, and (iv) a more inclusive and integrated global community of biodiversity observers. To meet these challenges, we outline a five-point action plan for collaboration and connection among scientists and policymakers that emphasizes diversity, inclusion and open access. Efforts to protect biodiversity require the best possible scientific understanding of human activities, biodiversity trends, ecosystem functions and—critically—the feedbacks among them.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Biological Integration Institutes

TULIP Laboratory of Excellence

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference83 articles.

1. Diaz S et al. 2019 Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services . Bonn Germany: IPBES Secretariat.

2. The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people

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5. Pereira HM et al. 2020 Global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050. bioRxiv. (doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.031716)

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