Early life adversity jointly regulates body-mass index and working memory development

Author:

Farkas Bence Csaba1234ORCID,Jacquet Pierre Olivier1234ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France

2. Institut du Psychotraumatisme de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Conseil Départemental Yvelines et Hauts-de-Seine et Centre Hospitalier des Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France

3. Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et en santé des populations, Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Paris, France

4. LNC2, Département d’études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France

Abstract

Previous work has proposed that balancing energy expenditure towards body and brain development in an optimal fashion results in a negative relationship between somatic and neurocognitive growth during development. An important issue, largely overlooked so far, is the extent to which this energetic trade-off is influenced by early life environmental factors. In this study, we estimated the association between neurocognitive (measured by working memory ability) and somatic (measured by body-mass index) developmental trajectories, while taking into account multiple dimensions of early life adversity. Results of our initial growth curve model were consistent with this brain–body trade-off in both girls and boys. In a subsequent model, we showed that early life adversity had positive associations with somatic and negative associations with neurocognitive growth trajectories, although the direct negative coupling between them remained consistent. Finally, a multidimensional adversity model, separating the effects of deprivation, threat and unpredictability, revealed that the dimension of deprivation—reflecting lack of access to resources and cognitive stimulation—contributed the most to both somatic and neurocognitive growth patterns. These results suggest that the way individuals balance energy between these two biological constructs during development is partly linked to environmental influences through phenotypic plasticity.

Funder

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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