Lack of phenological shift leads to increased camouflage mismatch in mountain hares

Author:

Zimova Marketa12ORCID,Giery Sean T.3ORCID,Newey Scott4ORCID,Nowak J. Joshua2ORCID,Spencer Michael5,Mills L. Scott6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA

2. Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA

3. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA

4. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK

5. Scotland's Rural College, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK

6. Wildlife Biology Program and Office of Research and Creative Scholarship, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA

Abstract

Understanding whether organisms will be able to adapt to human-induced stressors currently endangering their existence is an urgent priority. Globally, multiple species moult from a dark summer to white winter coat to maintain camouflage against snowy landscapes. Decreasing snow cover duration owing to climate change is increasing mismatch in seasonal camouflage. To directly test for adaptive responses to recent changes in snow cover, we repeated historical (1950s) field studies of moult phenology in mountain hares ( Lepus timidus ) in Scotland. We found little evidence that population moult phenology has shifted to align seasonal coat colour with shorter snow seasons, or that phenotypic plasticity prevented increases in camouflage mismatch. The lack of responses resulted in 35 additional days of mismatch between 1950 and 2016. We emphasize the potential role of weak directional selection pressure and low genetic variability in shaping the scope for adaptive responses to anthropogenic stressors.

Funder

University of Montana

National Science Foundation

U.S. Geological Survey

North Carolina State University

Explorers Club

Division of Environmental Biology

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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