Diacammaants adjust liquid foraging strategies in response to biophysical constraints

Author:

Fujioka Haruna12ORCID,Marchand Manon3ORCID,LeBoeuf Adria C.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

2. Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

3. Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Abstract

Ant foragers provide food to the rest of the colony, often requiring transport over long distances. Foraging for liquid is challenging because it is difficult to transport and share. Many social insects store liquids inside the crop to transport them to the nest, and then regurgitate to distribute to nest-mates through a behaviour called trophallaxis. Some ants instead transport fluids with a riskier behaviour called pseudotrophallaxis—holding a drop of liquid between the mandibles through surface tension. Ants share this droplet with nest-mates without ingestion or regurgitation. We hypothesised that ants optimize their liquid-collection approach depending on viscosity. Using an ant that employs both trophallaxis and pseudotrophallaxis, we investigated the conditions where each liquid-collection behaviour is favoured by measuring biophysical properties, collection time and reaction to food quality for typical and viscosity-altered sucrose solutions. We found that ants collected more liquid per unit time by mandibular grabbing than by drinking. At high viscosities ants switched liquid collection method to mandibular grabbing in response to viscosity and not to sweetness. Our results demonstrate that ants change transport and sharing methods according to viscosity–a natural proxy for sugar concentration–thus increasing the mass of sugar returned to the nest per trip.

Funder

Zoological Society of Japan

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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